Diffusion of Bt Cotton and Insecticide Use
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Deconstructing Indian cotton: weather, yields, and suicides
Background: Cotton with coevolving pests has been grown in India more than 5000 years. Hybrid cotton was introduced in the 1970s with increases in fertilizer and in insecticide use against pink bollworm that caused outbreaks of bollworm. Hybrid Bt cotton, introduced in 2002 to control bollworm and other lepidopteran pests, is grown on more than 90 % of the cotton area. Despite initial declines,...
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Higher yields and reduced pesticide impacts are needed to mitigate the effects of agricultural intensification. A 2-year farm-scale evaluation of 81 commercial fields in Arizona show that use of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton reduced insecticide use, whereas transgenic cotton with Bt protein and herbicide resistance (BtHr) did not affect herbicide use. Transgenic cotton had highe...
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Transgenic cotton that produced one or more insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was planted on over 15 million hectares in 11 countries in 2009 and has contributed to a reduction of over 140 million kilograms of insecticide active ingredient between 1996 and 2008. As a highly selective form of host plant resistance, Bt cotton effectively controls a number of key lepidopteran pe...
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China is one of the largest producers of cotton in the world. Insect pests such as cotton bollworm, cotton aphid, and mirids are the major factors that contribute to a decrease in cotton production. Transgenic cotton that expresses a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been deployed for combating cotton bollworm since 1997 in China, and expanded rapidly to 3.7 millio...
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A 6-yr Þeld study assessed the long-term impact of Bt cotton producing the Cry1Ac -endotoxin on 22 taxa of foliar-dwelling arthropod natural enemies inArizona. No chronic, long-term effects of Bt cotton were observed over multiple generations of nontarget taxa. Zero-2 taxa declined signiÞcantly in unsprayed Bt compared with non-Bt cotton each year. In contrast, positive control studies showed t...
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